HORIZONS OF SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN IN THE WORLD ENERGY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Hydrogen energy is a promising direction in the field of the energy industry of the future. The article presents a review of research, analyzing the relevance in Kazakhstan and in the world as a whole, reveals the importance of hydrogen energy in the context of modern challenges, such as climate change, the need for sustainable development and diversification of the energy sector. The international experience of the introduction of hydrogen energy is analyzed, with a focus on the USA and the European Union. National programs and projects designed to stimulate the development of hydrogen technologies, create infrastructure, and attract investment are being considered. Based on the analysis, some problematic issues are highlighted that require further research and development. They include the development of more efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production technologies, the creation of a reliable storage and transportation system, as well as the development of appropriate legislation and policies. In conclusion, the article makes recommendations for the further development of hydrogen energy. They include the need to strengthen international cooperation, educational programs and information campaigns, as well as support from Governments and financial organizations