THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM OF CENTRAL ASIA: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORK AND HEALTHCARE IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMS

Abstract

The article «The penitentiary system of Central Asia: the role of social work and healthcare in the context of reforms» provides a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges and prospects for reforming social work and healthcare in the penitentiary institutions of Central Asia. The article examines critical issues such as prison overcrowding, high rates of infectious diseases, including HIV and tuberculosis, and the lack of attention to the needs of prisoners. Special emphasis is placed on the social rehabilitation of prisoners, which plays a key role in reducing recidivism and ensuring successful reintegration into society after release.

The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of practices in various countries of the region, such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, and an assessment of the implementation of international standards, particularly the Nelson Mandela Rules. These standards, developed by the UN, aim to ensure respect for human rights in prisons and improve conditions of confinement. However, their implementation in Central Asian countries faces numerous obstacles, including political instability, lack of resources, and corruption.

The study results demonstrate certain successes in reforming the penitentiary system in some countries of the region, such as Kazakhstan, where the introduction of the probation system and modernization of medical facilities have contributed to reducing prison overcrowding and improving prisoners' conditions. Nevertheless, the article emphasizes the need for continued reforms and active implementation of international standards to ensure basic human rights and improve healthcare and social support for prisoners. The conclusion highlights that the successful reform of the Central Asian penitentiary system requires a comprehensive approach that includes improving infrastructure, strengthening international cooperation, and combating corruption.