AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF MASLIKHATS IN THE FORMATION OF A SOCIALLY-ORIENTED STATE

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the participation of maslikhats (local representative bodies) of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the formation of a socially-oriented state. The study covers the activities of maslikhats in the cities of Astana and Almaty, as well as in the Kostanay, Mangystau, East Kazakhstan, and Turkestan regions during the period 2020–2024. Using methods of content analysis, comparative and institutional approaches, the key directions of social policy, forms of interaction with the population and civil society, the degree of institutional independence, and the actual results in improving the quality of life of citizens were examined. The analysis showed that despite the expansion of the powers of maslikhats following the 2022 reforms, institutional limitations remain, such as the dominance of the executive branch, a weak regulatory framework, and a low level of initiative among individual deputies. At the same time, regional practices of effective interaction with the population and the implementation of significant infrastructure and social programs were identified. Special attention is given to the role of maslikhats in promoting national values, strengthening social cohesion, and preventing interethnic conflicts. The results indicate the important intermediary role of maslikhats in localizing state policy; however, further institutionalization, strengthening of the legislative base, and development of mechanisms for accountability and citizen engagement are necessary to increase their effectiveness.