FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS AND DYNAMICS OF IDENTITY FORMATION PROCESSES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

This article examines the dynamics of the formation of national and civic identity in Kazakhstan in the context of post-Soviet transformation and ethnic diversity. Being a multiethnic state, Kazakhstan implements a special model of nation-building, which seeks to combine the symbolic primacy of the titular nation with the formation of an inclusive civic identity. The main components of identity, the factors of its formation and the dynamics of transformational changes are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the Kazakhstani experience of forming a national identity in a multiethnic society. The article examines modern challenges and trends in the development of civic consciousness, the role of the state, education and the information space in strengthening national unity. The analysis and conclusions showed that the civil and ethno-cultural concepts of the nation are used in the formation of civic identity in compliance with the norms of the constitution, to ensure the equality of all citizens, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, cultural, religious or other affiliation. Methodologically, the article combines a qualitative analysis of constitutional provisions, political documents and official materials with a secondary analysis of opinion polls and expert assessments prepared by national research institutes.